APPENDIX D Character Sets and Encodings

Source: Wikipedia

The following table shows Windows-1252, with differences from ISO-8859-1 marked with thick borders and asterisks (*). Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent right below and its decimal code at the bottom.

Microsoft cites Unicode mappings of windows 1252 with "best fit",^[3] which also includes the five unmapped C1 code points as well as code points that map to 1252 in a lossy fashion.

Windows-1252 (CP1252)
	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9	—A	—B	—C	—D	—E	—F
0−	NUL 0000 0	SOH 0001 1	STX 0002 2	ETX 0003 3	EOT 0004 4	ENQ 0005 5	ACK 0006 6	BEL 0007 7	BS 0008 8	HT 0009 9	LF 000A 10	VT 000B 11	FF 000C 12	CR 000D 13	SO 000E 14	SI 000F 15
1−	DLE 0010 16	DC1 0011 17	DC2 0012 18	DC3 0013 19	DC4 0014 20	NAK 0015 21	SYN 0016 22	ETB 0017 23	CAN 0018 24	EM 0019 25	SUB 001A 26	ESC 001B 27	FS 001C 28	GS 001D 29	RS 001E 30	US 001F 31
2−	SP 0020 32	! 0021 33	" 0022 34	# 0023 35	$ 0024 36	% 0025 37	& 0026 38	' 0027 39	( 0028 40	) 0029 41	* 002A 42	+ 002B 43	, 002C 44	- 002D 45	. 002E 46	/ 002F 47
3−	0 0030 48	1 0031 49	2 0032 50	3 0033 51	4 0034 52	5 0035 53	6 0036 54	7 0037 55	8 0038 56	9 0039 57	: 003A 58	; 003B 59	< 003C 60	= 003D 61	> 003E 62	? 003F 63
4−	@ 0040 64	A 0041 65	B 0042 66	C 0043 67	D 0044 68	E 0045 69	F 0046 70	G 0047 71	H 0048 72	I 0049 73	J 004A 74	K 004B 75	L 004C 76	M 004D 77	N 004E 78	O 004F 79
5−	P 0050 80	Q 0051 81	R 0052 82	S 0053 83	T 0054 84	U 0055 85	V 0056 86	W 0057 87	X 0058 88	Y 0059 89	Z 005A 90	[ 005B 91	\ 005C 92	] 005D 93	^ 005E 94	_ 005F 95
6−	` 0060 96	a 0061 97	b 0062 98	c 0063 99	d 0064 100	e 0065 101	f 0066 102	g 0067 103	h 0068 104	i 0069 105	j 006A 106	k 006B 107	l 006C 108	m 006D 109	n 006E 110	o 006F 111
7−	p 0070 112	q 0071 113	r 0072 114	s 0073 115	t 0074 116	u 0075 117	v 0076 118	w 0077 119	x 0078 120	y 0079 121	z 007A 122	{ 007B 123	\| 007C 124	} 007D 125	~ 007E 126	DEL 007F 127
8−	€ 20AC 128*		‚ 201A 130*	ƒ 0192 131*	„ 201E 132*	… 2026 133*	† 2020 134*	‡ 2021 135*	ˆ 02C6 136*	‰ 2030 137*	Š 0160 138*	‹ 2039 139*	Œ 0152 140*		Ž 017D 142*
9−		‘ 2018 145*	’ 2019 146*	“ 201C 147*	” 201D 148*	• 2022 149*	– 2013 150*	— 2014 151*	˜ 02DC 152*	™ 2122 153*	š 0161 154*	› 203A 155*	œ 0153 156*		ž 017E 158*	Ÿ 0178 159*
A−	NBSP 00A0 160	¡ 00A1 161	¢ 00A2 162	£ 00A3 163	¤ 00A4 164	¥ 00A5 165	¦ 00A6 166	§ 00A7 167	¨ 00A8 168	© 00A9 169	ª 00AA 170	« 00AB 171	¬ 00AC 172	SHY 00AD 173	® 00AE 174	¯ 00AF 175
B−	° 00B0 176	± 00B1 177	² 00B2 178	³ 00B3 179	´ 00B4 180	µ 00B5 181	¶ 00B6 182	· 00B7 183	¸ 00B8 184	¹ 00B9 185	º 00BA 186	» 00BB 187	¼ 00BC 188	½ 00BD 189	¾ 00BE 190	¿ 00BF 191
C−	À 00C0 192	Á 00C1 193	Â 00C2 194	Ã 00C3 195	Ä 00C4 196	Å 00C5 197	Æ 00C6 198	Ç 00C7 199	È 00C8 200	É 00C9 201	Ê 00CA 202	Ë 00CB 203	Ì 00CC 204	Í 00CD 205	Î 00CE 206	Ï 00CF 207
D−	Ð 00D0 208	Ñ 00D1 209	Ò 00D2 210	Ó 00D3 211	Ô 00D4 212	Õ 00D5 213	Ö 00D6 214	× 00D7 215	Ø 00D8 216	Ù 00D9 217	Ú 00DA 218	Û 00DB 219	Ü 00DC 220	Ý 00DD 221	Þ 00DE 222	ß 00DF 223
E−	à 00E0 224	á 00E1 225	â 00E2 226	ã 00E3 227	ä 00E4 228	å 00E5 229	æ 00E6 230	ç 00E7 231	è 00E8 232	é 00E9 233	ê 00EA 234	ë 00EB 235	ì 00EC 236	í 00ED 237	î 00EE 238	ï 00EF 239
F−	ð 00F0 240	ñ 00F1 241	ò 00F2 242	ó 00F3 243	ô 00F4 244	õ 00F5 245	ö 00F6 246	÷ 00F7 247	ø 00F8 248	ù 00F9 249	ú 00FA 250	û 00FB 251	ü 00FC 252	ý 00FD 253	þ 00FE 254	ÿ 00FF 255

Source: PDF Reference, Second Addition (PDF 1.3 spec)

Legend: yellow cells are control characters, blue cells are punctuation, purple cells are numbers, green cells are ASCII letters, and tan cells are international letters.

According to the information on Microsoft's and the Unicode Consortium's websites, positions 81, 8D, 8F, 90, and 9D are unused. However the Windows API call for converting from code pages to Unicode maps these to the corresponding C1 control codes. The euro character at position 80 was not present in earlier versions of this code page, nor were the S and Z with caron (háček).

In US English Windows, as in other Western European versions of Windows (e.g. Italian, British English, Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish), the characters from Windows-1252 can be inserted by holding down the Alt key and entering a zero followed by the character's three-digit decimal code on the numpad. (By omitting the zero one can in this way enter characters from older code pages 437 in US English or 850 elsewhere.) In other versions of Windows it is necessary to add one of the Western European languages first, and then change to this language before entering the code.

Latin Character Sets and Encodings

THIS APPENDIX LISTS the character sets and encodings that are assumed to be predefined in any PDF viewer application. Only simple fonts, encompassing Latin text and some symbols, are described here. This section describes the entire character set for Adobe’s standard Latin-text fonts. This is the character set supported by the Times, Helvetica, and Courier font families, which are among the 14 standard predefined fonts (see “The Standard Type 1 Fonts” on page 296). For each named character, an octal character code is given in four different encodings: Standard- Encoding, MacRomanEncoding, WinAnsiEncoding, and PDFDocEncoding (see Table D.1). Unencoded characters are indicated by a dash (—).

StandardEncoding: Adobe standard Latin-text encoding. This is the built-in encoding defined in Type 1 Latin-text font programs (but generally not in TrueType font programs). PDF does not have a predefined encoding named StandardEncoding. However, it is useful to describe this encoding, since a font’s built-in encoding can be used as the base encoding from which differences are specified in an encoding dictionary.
MacRomanEncoding: Mac OS standard encoding for Latin text in western European languages. PDF has a predefined encoding named MacRomanEncoding that can be used with both Type 1 and TrueType fonts.
WinAnsiEncoding: Windows code page 1252, often called the “Windows ANSI” encoding. This is the standard Windows encoding for Latin text in western European languages. PDF has a predefined encoding named WinAnsiEncoding that can be used with both Type 1 and TrueType fonts.
PDFDocEncoding: Encoding for text strings in a PDF document outside the document’s content streams. This is one of two encodings (the other being Unicode) that can be used to represent text strings; see Section 3.8.1, “Text Strings.” PDF does not have a predefined encoding named PDFDocEncoding; it is not customary to use this encoding to show text from fonts.

		CHAR CODE (OCTAL)
CHAR	NAME	STD	MAC	WIN	PDF
A	A	101	101	101	101
Æ	AE	341	256	306	306
Á	Aacute	—	347	301	301
Â	Acircumflex	—	345	302	302
Ä	Adieresis	—	200	304	304
À	Agrave	—	313	300	300
Å	Aring	—	201	305	305
Ã	Atilde	—	314	303	303
B	B	102	102	102	102
C	C	103	103	103	103
Ç	Ccedilla	—	202	307	307
D	D	104	104	104	104
E	E	105	105	105	105
É	Eacute	—	203	311	311
Ê	Ecircumflex	—	346	312	312
Ë	Edieresis	—	350	313	313
È	Egrave	—	351	310	310
Ð	Eth	—	—	320	320
€	Euro (1)	—	—	200	240
F	F	106	106	106	106
G	G	107	107	107	107
H	H	110	110	110	110
I	I	111	111	111	111
Í	Iacute	—	352	315	315
Î	Icircumflex	—	353	316	316
Ï	Idieresis	—	354	317	317
Ì	Igrave	—	355	314	314
J	J	112	112	112	112
K	K	113	113	113	113
L	L	114	114	114	114
Ł	Lslash	350	—	—	225
M	M	115	115	115	115
N	N	116	116	116	116
Ñ	Ntilde	—	204	321	321
O	O	117	117	117	117
OE	OE	352	316	214	226
Ó	Oacute	—	356	323	323
Ô	Ocircumflex	—	357	324	324
Ö	Odieresis	—	205	326	326
Ò	Ograve	—	361	322	322
Ø	Oslash	351	257	330	330
Õ	Otilde	—	315	325	325
P	P	120	120	120	120
Q	Q	121	121	121	121
R	R	122	122	122	122
S	S	123	123	123	123
Š	Scaron	—	—	212	227
T	T	124	124	124	124
Þ	Thorn	—	—	336	336
U	U	125	125	125	125
Ú	Uacute	—	362	332	332
Û	Ucircumflex	—	363	333	333
Ü	Udieresis	—	206	334	334
Ù	Ugrave	—	364	331	331
V	V	126	126	126	126
W	W	127	127	127	127
X	X	130	130	130	130
Y	Y	131	131	131	131
Ý	Yacute	—	—	335	335
Ÿ	Ydieresis	—	331	237	230
Z	Z	132	132	132	132
Ž	Zcaron (2)	—	—	216	231
a	a	141	141	141	141
á	aacute	—	207	341	341
â	acircumflex	—	211	342	342
´	acute	302	253	264	264
ä	adieresis	—	212	344	344
æ	ae	361	276	346	346
à	agrave	—	210	340	340
&	ampersand	046	046	046	046
å	aring	—	214	345	345
^	asciicircum	136	136	136	136
~	asciitilde	176	176	176	176
*	asterisk	052	052	052	052
@	at	100	100	100	100
ã	atilde	—	213	343	343
b	b	142	142	142	142
\	backslash	134	134	134	134
\|	bar	174	174	174	174
{	braceleft	173	173	173	173
}	braceright	175	175	175	175
[	bracketleft	133	133	133	133
]	bracketright	135	135	135	135
˘	breve	306	371	—	030
¦	brokenbar	—	—	246	246
•	bullet (3)	267	245	225	200
c	c	143	143	143	143
ˇ	caron	317	377	—	031
ç	ccedilla	—	215	347	347
¸	cedilla	313	374	270	270
¢	cent	242	242	242	242
ˆ	circumflex	303	366	210	032
:	colon	072	072	072	072
,	comma	054	054	054	054
©	copyright	—	251	251	251
¤	currency1	250	333	244	244
d	d	144	144	144	144
†	dagger	262	240	206	201
‡	daggerdbl	263	340	207	202
°	degree	—	241	260	260
¨	dieresis	310	254	250	250
÷	divide	—	326	367	367
$	dollar	044	044	044	044
˙	dotaccent	307	372	—	033
ı	dotlessi	365	365	—	232
e	e	145	145	145	145
é	eacute	—	216	351	351
ê	ecircumflex	—	220	352	352
ë	edieresis	—	221	353	353
è	egrave	—	217	350	350
8	eight	070	070	070	070
…	ellipsis	274	311	205	203
—	emdash	320	321	227	204
–	endash	261	320	226	205
=	equal	075	075	075	075
ð	eth	—	—	360	360
!	exclam	041	041	041	041
¡	exclamdown	241	301	241	241
f	f	146	146	146	146
fi	fi	256	336	—	223
5	five	065	065	065	065
fl	fl	257	337	—	224
ƒ	florin	246	304	203	206
4	four	064	064	064	064
⁄	fraction	244	332	—	207
g	g	147	147	147	147
ß	germandbls	373	247	337	337
`	grave	301	140	140	140
>	greater	076	076	076	076
«	guillemotleft (4)	253	307	253	253
»	guillemotright (4)	273	310	273	273
‹	guilsinglleft	254	334	213	210
›	guilsinglright	255	335	233	211
h	h	150	150	150	150
˝	hungarumlaut	315	375	—	034
-	hyphen (5)	055	055	055	055
i	i	151	151	151	151
í	iacute	—	222	355	355
î	icircumflex	—	224	356	356
ï	idieresis	—	225	357	357
ì	igrave	—	223	354	354
j	j	152	152	152	152
k	k	153	153	153	153
l	l	154	154	154	154
<	less	074	074	074	074
¬	logicalnot	—	302	254	254
ł	lslash	370	—	—	233
m	m	155	155	155	155
¯	macron	305	370	257	257
−	minus	—	—	—	212
μ	mu	—	265	265	265
×	multiply	—	—	327	327
n	n	156	156	156	156
9	nine	071	071	071	071
ñ	ntilde	—	226	361	361
#	numbersign	043	043	043	043
o	o	157	157	157	157
ó	oacute	—	227	363	363
ô	ocircumflex	—	231	364	364
ö	odieresis	—	232	366	366
oe	oe	372	317	234	234
˛	ogonek	316	376	—	035
ò	ograve	—	230	362	362
1	one	061	061	061	061
½	onehalf	—	—	275	275
¼	onequarter	—	—	274	274
¹	onesuperior	—	—	271	271
ª	ordfeminine	343	273	252	252
º	ordmasculine	353	274	272	272
ø	oslash	371	277	370	370
õ	otilde	—	233	365	365
p	p	160	160	160	160
¶	paragraph	266	246	266	266
(	parenleft	050	050	050	050
)	parenright	051	051	051	051
%	percent	045	045	045	045
.	period	056	056	056	056
·	periodcentered	264	341	267	267
‰	perthousand	275	344	211	213
+	plus	053	053	053	053
±	plusminus	—	261	261	261
q	q	161	161	161	161
?	question	077	077	077	077
¿	questiondown	277	300	277	277
"	quotedbl	042	042	042	042
„	quotedblbase	271	343	204	214
“	quotedblleft	252	322	223	215
”	quotedblright	272	323	224	216
‘	quoteleft	140	324	221	217
’	quoteright	047	325	222	220
‚	quotesinglbase	270	342	202	221
'	quotesingle	251	047	047	047
r	r	162	162	162	162
®	registered	—	250	256	256
°	ring	312	373	—	036
s	s	163	163	163	163
š	scaron	—	—	232	235
§	section	247	244	247	247
;	semicolon	073	073	073	073
7	seven	067	067	067	067
6	six	066	066	066	066
/	slash	057	057	057	057
	space (6)	040	040	040	040
£	sterling	243	243	243	243
t	t	164	164	164	164
þ	thorn	—	—	376	376
3	three	063	063	063	063
¾	threequarters	—	—	276	276
³	threesuperior	—	—	263	263
˜	tilde	304	367	230	037
™	trademark	—	252	231	222
2	two	062	062	062	062
²	twosuperior	—	—	262	262
u	u	165	165	165	165
ú	uacute	—	234	372	372
û	ucircumflex	—	236	373	373
ü	udieresis	—	237	374	374
ù	ugrave	—	235	371	371
_	underscore	137	137	137	137
v	v	166	166	166	166
w	w	167	167	167	167
x	x	170	170	170	170
y	y	171	171	171	171
ý	yacute	—	—	375	375
ÿ	ydieresis	—	330	377	377
¥	yen	245	264	245	245
z	z	172	172	172	172
ž	zcaron (2)	—	—	236	236
0	zero	060	060	060	060

In PDF 1.3, the Euro character was added to the Adobe standard Latin character set. It is encoded as 200 in WinAnsiEncoding and 240 in PDFDocEncoding, assigning codes that were previously unused. Apple changed the Mac OS Latin-text encoding for code 333 from the currency character to the Euro character. However, this incompatible change has not been reflected in PDF’s MacRomanEncoding, which continues to map code 333 to currency. If the Euro character is desired, an encoding dictionary can be used to specify this single difference from MacRomanEncoding.
In PDF 1.3, the existing Zcaron and zcaron characters were added to WinAnsiEncoding as the previously unused codes 216 and 236.
In WinAnsiEncoding, all unused codes greater than 40 map to the bullet character. However, only code 225 is specifically assigned to the bullet character; other codes are subject to future reassignment.
The character names guillemotleft and guillemotright are misspelled. The correct spelling for this punctuation character is guillemet. However, the misspelled names are the ones actually used in the fonts and encodings containing these characters.
The hyphen character is also encoded as 255 in WinAnsiEncoding. The meaning of this duplicate code is “soft hyphen,” but it is typographically the same as hyphen.
The space character is also encoded as 312 in MacRomanEncoding and as 240 in WinAnsiEncoding. The meaning of this duplicate code is “nonbreaking space,” but it is typographically the same as space.